Ocean acidification is emerging as a potential threat to Vanuatu’s marine environment, raising concerns among local scientists and climate officials. The process occurs when higher levels of carbon dioxide are absorbed by the ocean, causing the seawater to become more acidic over time. This phenomenon is particularly alarming for countries like Vanuatu, where many people rely heavily on the ocean for food and income.

Studies carried out by the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department have shown signs that the seawater surrounding Vanuatu and across the Pacific region is becoming more acidic compared to previous years. According to John Mangau, a seasonal forecaster from the department’s climate division, this change is starting to impact marine resources. He explained that the increased acidity is weakening the natural composition of marine organisms, slowing the growth of shellfish, crabs, and even fish.

In 2023, the Maritime and Ocean Affairs Division under the Department of Foreign Affairs conducted a coral reef study across all six provinces in partnership with scientists from the Waitt Institute. Tony Tevi, head of the division, explained that while there is no conclusive data proving ocean acidification in Vanuatu, the team observed other major threats damaging coral reefs, including anchors, irresponsible fishing methods, river run-off during cyclones, and outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish. He added that coral reefs can recover if human activity is controlled.

A scientific research team in Fiji has also been collecting data due to growing concern over the potential impacts of acidification in the Pacific. Dr. Christina McGraw from the University of Otago in New Zealand emphasized the importance of taking immediate action, despite the current lack of direct evidence in Vanuatu. She warned that waiting for proof could be too late for effective intervention.

Mr. Mangau also noted that the rise of ocean acidification is being driven not only by natural causes such as volcanic activity but also by the increase in industrial emissions over time. The burning of fossil fuels and other human-induced activities have accelerated the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, much of which ends up in the ocean.

In the Pacific, where people depend deeply on marine ecosystems for their livelihoods and sustenance, experts say addressing ocean acidification must become a regional priority. The warning is clear: without urgent action, the health of Vanuatu’s oceans—and the communities that rely on them—could be at risk.