The Vanuatu Government has endorsed five significant constitutional amendments through the Council of Ministers (COM), with Prime Minister Hon. Jotham Napat set to formally introduce them in a special sitting of Parliament on April 30.
If passed, the proposed amendments will trigger a new national referendum, giving citizens the final say on changes that could reshape governance, national identity, and economic development frameworks.
1. Establishment of Economic Development Zones (EDZs)
The first amendment proposes changes to Article 5(i)(k) of the Constitution to allow for the creation of Economic Development Zones. These zones would promote private sector investment, job creation, and ease of doing business through special economic regulations.
Government Public Relations Officer, Mr. Kiery Manassah, explained the policy aims to boost development in targeted areas, with Nauemban in South Santo and northern Efate already being considered as pilot locations.
“This change would allow us to designate special zones where private businesses can be established and encouraged to grow,” Manassah said.
2. Legal Recognition of Two Genders
The second amendment seeks to define gender in the Constitution as strictly male and female, based on biological sex at birth. The Government says this reflects Vanuatu’s founding values.
“This law is based on the belief that Vanuatu should continue to stand on its traditional Melanesian and Christian foundations,” Manassah said, acknowledging that the topic is sensitive.
3. Grace Period for Prime Minister
The third amendment proposes a 12-month grace period for any newly elected Prime Minister, during which no motion of no confidence can be filed. The goal is to ensure political stability and allow the government sufficient time to begin implementing its policy agenda.
“Once elected, the Prime Minister should be given at least one year to implement the government’s policy agenda,” Manassah explained.
4. Compulsory Voting in Referendums
The fourth amendment would make voting in referendums compulsory for all eligible citizens. The move is expected to increase democratic participation and ensure broader national involvement in critical decisions.
“If you have the right to vote, then you must vote,” Manassah said. “This referendum could be a test for future compulsory voting in national elections, and with the new national ID system, we are better equipped to manage it.”
5. Electoral Officer Appointment Shift
The final proposed amendment would transfer the authority to appoint the Principal Electoral Officer from the Public Service Commission to the Electoral Commission. The change is intended to reinforce the independence of the Electoral Office and strengthen electoral processes.
“This change ensures the appointment process remains within the electoral system,” Manassah added.
Next Steps
If Parliament approves the constitutional amendment bills, a national referendum will be held to determine whether the proposed changes should be adopted.
The Office of the Prime Minister has confirmed that preparations are underway for public consultations and civic awareness campaigns to ensure citizens are well-informed ahead of the vote.
